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Thanks Alex,
Yes, I agree that the seasonal data is potentially a stronger argument than the orientation of the Big Dipper.
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Alex,
The main basis for your revised OK dates seems to be this :
"Analysis of texts and iconographic sources suggests the the precise temporal marker in the orientation procedure was the specific configuration of Meskhetiu, namely the horizontal alignment of its two outer stars, Dubhe and Alkaid. The alignment brought Meskhetiu into a "state of balance"
But there is a
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
In PART 3 above, I wrote “The so called ‘chimney’ directly under the apex of the pyramid was carved from the bedrock and it is believed to be intended as the entry into a burial chamber at ground level. It seems there was a change of plan.” This was a possible explanation for it. However, after watching the recent video linked below, this seems debunked, so I need to revert to my previous idea ab
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Djoser’s Serdab
The serdab is an interesting and controversial feature of the Step Pyramid.
It has been the subject of many discussions regarding its purpose, and featured strongly in Robert Bauval’s books.
One of the main debates is whether the king is looking up through the two peepholes to the stars.
This would be unusual since serdabs were normally used for the presentation of of
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
In PART 7, I wrote that the Sun temples of the fifth dynasty were used in Sed Festivals within the lifetime of the king - not in the afterlife, in spite of the temples being built on the west bank of the Nile. This is evidenced by the extensive Sed Festival scenes of Nuiserre’s sun temple.
Also note that one sun temple was built on top of a previous one (which was no longer needed after the
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
In Part 6 I have claimed that Area C at Giza was a calendar to keep track of the days and years.
It had 73 east-west walls and 20 north-south walls. 73 x 20 = 365 x 4 = four years in days.
The southern half of Senenmut's ceiling, almost 1000 years later, was also a calendar to keep track of the days and years using decans.
It had the same numbers. Looking at the central line
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Happy New Year Hermione !
Thanks for the link.
Greg Reeder, who was for me very supportive wrote in 2007 "The Heb Sed was probably very important at Giza as it was at Djoser's complex at Saqqarah".
Unfortunately the discussion could not progress as people then, including me, had no concept of the afterlife Heb Sed requirements.
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
PART 8 : Summary and Conclusions
Summary
The seven Parts of this article looked at the pyramids through a different lens, and many things that were previously mysteries became clearer. The main new concepts applied were :
First, the afterlife Heb Sed was developed; a new concept distinct from the lifetime Sed Festival. It maintains that the actions took place in the sky. This enabled
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
PART 7 : 5th and 6th Dynasties
Fifth Dynasty
Economies in the fifth dynasty saw smaller pyramids. Each one had a satellite pyramid. The finished ones had an enclosure. Lehner referred to them as ‘prototypes’ as they were all similar.
Six sun temples for the first 6 Kings were built, probably 5 at Abu Ghurab. This location was the southernmost point with visual contact to Iunu (On,
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Proof of a Northern Counterpart
The yellow map below is copied from Lehner's The Complete Pyramids on page 101. North is up the page. (The pencil lines are mine).
Alongside the famous two pyramids of Sneferu, the Bent and the Red Pyramids, but closer to the river, stood three Middle Kingdom pyramids, on their own, dating from the12th dynasty - those of Amenemhet II, Senwosret III and A
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Don,
Does this observation mean that the AE used inches ?
Graham
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
The Queens’ Pyramids at Giza
The two sets of three queens’ pyramids are unique at Giza.
The layout is also significant. One set of three at 90 deg to the horizontal, east of G1, and the other set of three parallel to the horizon, south of G3. With no queens’ pyramids for G2. (See bottom diagram).
Clearly this was very symbolic.
My best guess it that they demonstrate that the orientatio
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Thanks for your encouraging comments.
There are actually two more parts to write : 5th and 6th Dynasties, and then Conclusions.
It may be a while before I can complete these.
Graham
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
PART 6 (second half)
The King’s Run (continued)
Several times I have come across the question “If the star shafts in the Great Pyramid were so important why does not every pyramid have them ?
My answer to this would be :
First I need to be fairly sure what the purpose of the shafts was. Without this, it is a bit hard to proceed !
Most pyramids had satellite pyramids inside their en
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Brendan,
Thanks for your encouragement.
I have just now read your paper that you linked.
The references to the Bull of the Skies may be those of Mesktui, whose identity the King assumes after its sacrifice.
Regarding West, the King visited the four cardinal directions in his King's Run.
I would be interested to know how the AE dealt with angles in pyramid orientations etc.
Was i
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
OK Hermione. But first I would like to complete the second half of Part 6 Khafre's Pyramid.
It is taking longer than expected !
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
I think you are right. I had read that it headed north-east but did not measure it exactly.
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
You "The differing number of gods may cause problems for your 9-11 ratio claim on Seti. Further, if your hypothesis that standing man is Seti is correct, then why is there a standing man in Senenmut?"
Thanks for the comments. Yes I can expect problems as there are so many interpretations of the ceilings
Regarding Senenmut, he was not a king, so the reason for the star ceiling seems
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Thanks for the link. I have read this analysis and a number of others.
There is in all of them a problem identifying the standing man, depicted above touching Ursa Major and standing on Ursa Minor.
If he wore crowns there would be no problem, he would be the deceased Seti I.
But this scene, from the afterlife Heb Sed, shows the situation before sacrificing the bull, taking its tail, and perf
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
If you look at Legon's Fig 1 you will see that the 75c goes right across to the north side of the descending passage.
The floor of the ascending passage ends (logically) where it meets the south side of the descending passage.
So you need to take off 3c for what Kanga refers to as 'the missing floor' !
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
This website might help :
h = 75c (the length of the ascending passage right through to the north side of the descending passage)
c2 = 2.9 (the 'missing' floor at the bottom across the descending passage.
So the length of the actual floor of the descending passage from these calculations is 72.1c
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
You : "There is little to support the idea that either of these lower shafts has an astronomical orientation"
What then is the consensus of opinion about the purpose of the shafts ?
In Part 5 above I have suggested they were false windows to Sirius and to Kocab, which were both time markers, year and day respectively.
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Kanga,
You "The length of the Ascending Passage is 75 cubits."
Please note that I wrote "72c for the lower section up to its floor intersection with the descending passage"
I think your 75c goes across the to descending passage to the north side.
Please recheck your figures up to where the floor of the passage ends i.e. where the floor meets the descending passage c
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
PART 6 (First half) : Khafre’s Pyramid
Khafre’s complex followed the Heb Sed concepts of Khufu – but with one big difference – build economy. There was no internal complex structures as found in Khufu’s pyramid ; nothing above ground except part of the ascending passage , no grand gallery, no relieving chambers, no long star shafts, no Queen’s chamber.
He reinterpreted all these Heb S
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Chris,
thanks for your helpful information and links.
I hope you recover soon from the Covid - with no lasting effects.
I read your article again in The Egypt Code. It's a pity there were no diagrams, but I remember them from your website.
There hasn't been much posting from me over the last 9 years, but many of the ideas from before seem to have come together.
It is surpri
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Djedefre’s Other Angle
Djedefre built his pyramid on the hills of Abu Roash which lay at about 45 degrees from Giza.
On the plateau there Djedefre had some ability to vary the location of the pyramid.
He chose to use a line at -45 degrees from The Great Pyramid.
At Giza, the 2000c line at +45 degrees was confirmed by both Petrie’s data and more recently by Glen Dash’s Giza Survey.
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Alex,
About the phrase in L458 : “ . . . and the Two Enneads have cleansed themselves for me in Ursa Major. The imperishable.”
And this L1301 “may you go up as Horus of the Netherworld who is at the head of the Imperishable Stars, may you sit on you iron throne at your pool of cool water”
This is how I envisage it :
The white circle is the orbit of Ursa Major around the pole
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GChase
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Ancient Egypt
You : "Why are the gods grouped in sub-groups of three, thus three sub-groups of three? What is the Double Ennead (Two Enneads in the existing translations)? At this stage, it seems to me that the 3 * 3 structure is some kind of fundamental characteristic of this group, associated with its origin. Clearly the Ennead of 11 Gods does not fit this basic pattern."
Just an observation for
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
You " ;(PT 302 §458b-c). What do you think this might mean?"
I can only make a guess, as with so many of the PTs. The pole area was sometimes described as the pool of cool water. Ursa Major circles and borders this area.
Thus the gods who reside in the circle, cleanse themselves in it - inside the 'pool' of Ursa Major.
You : " Unas cannot be associated with Horus who
by
GChase
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Ancient Egypt
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