<< [T]he discharge of raw sewage into an inland river or offshore into the sea can lead to a decrease in oxygen levels, which can have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Here's how this process occurs:

Organic matter decomposition: Raw sewage contains organic matter such as human waste and other pollutants. When sewage is discharged into water bodies, bacteria and other microorganisms start decomposing this organic matter.

Increased microbial activity: The decomposition process requires oxygen, and as a result, there is an increased demand for oxygen in the water to support the growing microbial population.

Oxygen depletion: As the decomposition of organic matter progresses, oxygen levels in the water can decrease significantly. This is because the microbial activity consumes oxygen during the breakdown of organic compounds.

Hypoxia or anoxia: In severe cases, the depletion of oxygen can lead to hypoxia or anoxia, which means low or no oxygen conditions, respectively. These conditions can be harmful or even fatal to aquatic organisms, including fish, invertebrates, and plants that rely on oxygen for their survival.

Negative ecological impacts: The decrease in oxygen levels can disrupt the balance of the aquatic ecosystem, leading to the death of sensitive species, loss of biodiversity, and overall degradation of water quality.

To mitigate the impacts of sewage discharge, it is crucial to have proper wastewater treatment systems in place to effectively remove pollutants and ensure that treated wastewater is safely discharged into water bodies. Additionally, implementing regulations and practices that minimize or prevent the release of untreated sewage can help protect water resources and maintain healthy aquatic environments. (Source: ChatGPT - [openai.com]) >>

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