The usual digression to the Great Pyramid is interesting in relation to my model of the Red Pyramid.
Most regard the half area level of the Great Pyramid as the most important level because the king's sarcophagus was placed at that level within the King's Chamber.
The half area level is usually explained as the area where the square of the rising cross-section is half that of the
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Alex
Does Dorner give any more detail on the side length of 219.08 metres.
What lengths did he determine for N,S,E, and W. ?
Mark
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
It was Petrie's theory that the inner structure and the descending passage were the basis of the orientation, not the final finish of the casing sides, and he assumed that the alignment to the pole of the night sky was near to perfect so as then to deduce the change in the position of the pole since the third millennium BC supposing that the currents in the oceans were shifting the land.
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Alex,
Thanks for the detail on the angles.
In my model the following was on the drawing board for the revised design of the Bent Pyramid:
The cotangent of the revised lower slope on the south side of the Bent Pyramid is the seked of 5 palms which has a symbolic cotangent of 180/252 as (9 x 20)/(9 x 28).
The mean lower slope on the east-west axis of the Bent Pyramid is extremely clo
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Alex,
Satellite Pyramid / Red Pyramid parallels
But can you show me where this angle of 44 degrees 44 minutes is written by Dorner? On a diagram or in a sentence that you can quote?
This pyramid has a 360 symbolism because all four axes of the pyramid N/S, E/W, NE/SW and NW/SE divide the second antechamber as if into sections of 8 x 45 degrees from which I have deduced a model of the
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
I have looked at my drawing again and observed that the inner structure with a side length of 300 cubits has a base area of 90.000 square cubits.
The simple model of 360 cubit base, seked of 5 palms to 90 cubits (revised after starting out at 10/7), seked of 7.5 palms for upper slope (please excuse decimal), means the area projected by the upper pyramid (y x y) to the 360 base level is 180,000
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Graham,
Thanks for your help.
It seems clear to me, having looked at fig 5 for the first time just a few minutes ago, that the level of 0.75 metres is clearly labelled as the base level of the inner structure which therefore had a base level 10 palms higher than the bent pyramid base level.
The bent pyramid base level is clearly labelled at 0.0 metres relative to the inner structure,
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
But Alex has just clarified this matter to leave us all in no doubt about what was measured as my last post, so Robin Cook has been right all along in his view of the dimensions of the base of the Bent Pyramid, and so have I, but we have come to entirely different reasons for those dimensions.
Mark
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
RE BENT PYRAMID:
Petrie's mean side length is 7459.0 inches corresponding to a cubit of 20.719 inches assuming a design length of 360 cubits, or 20.605 inches assuming a design length of 362 cubits.
Dorner's mean side length is 7465.0 inches corresponding to a cubit of 20.736 inches assuming a design length of 360 cubits, or 20.622 inches assuming a design length of 362 cubits.
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
I haven't read Dorner's survey of the Bent Pyramid / Red Pyramid.
Can anyone provide link(s) as I couldn't find it on the internet?
I know its in German, but I hope to be able to pick out figures and look at any diagrams.
Mark
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Robin,
Thanks for your contribution.
I found your model of the layout of the chambers of the Red Pyramid so interesting 5 years ago, but put it on one side as I couldn't find an underlying reason for the design after a number of hours studying the model.
My theory of the Bent Pyramid complex can be put on one side in elucidating the design of the Red Pyramid, but I thought I woul
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Quote:
Smyth identifies Melchizedek as Shem a son of Noah who he believes is mentioned in Herodotus The Histories Book 2: 128 as the shepherd Philitis:
End of quote.
Smyth should have known that Melchizedek was without beginning or ending of days according to the Bible, so could not have been a son of Noah.
Mark
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Thanks for qualifying your determination of positions of the pyramids on Google Earth compared to the modern survey work of Dash.
The record of Smyth's work on three separate days in March and April 1865 is in Smyth vol 2 pages 177 to 183., but his interpretation is in 'Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid on pages 79 and 80 in the Fourth Edition:
Smyth noted that the pyramid should
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Google Earth measurements are surely more accurate than Petrie's measurements which, as Petrie pointed out, were only intended to be an approximate assessment, but even Petrie's data is close enough to my model because that's what I worked from before attempting a more accurate assessment as confirmed by Chris.
The crowning glory of my model is not yet apparent because step by s
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Chris,
Thanks for your determinations of distance and bearing of Red Pyramid from Bent Pyramid.
I got 2055 metres to the nearest metre the same as you.
My theory is that the distance is 1/sr44 x 25,920 cubits which is 27,353 palms or 3907.6 cubits.
Petrie regarded the cubit as 20.68 inches plus or minus 0.03 inches for the Bent Pyramid and its Satellite Pyramid (with the Satellite
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Chris,
I thought others must have come to the same conclusion as Petrie on the slope of the Red Pyramid, but for some reason Edwards and others have expressed the view that the upper slope of the Bent Pyramid was adopted as the slope of the Red Pyramid even though Petrie highlighted Perring's error and obtained very similar slopes for all four sides of the Red Pyramid from its core mas
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Mark Heaton Wrote:
-------------------------------------------------------
CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERROR
>
> Petrie calculated the height of the Satellite
> Pyramid incorrectly as 2034 inches having quoted
> an angle of 44 degrees 34 minutes and a mean side
> length of 2064.6 CUBITS.
>
I should have written
Petrie calculated the height of the Satellite
> Py
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
The Satellite Pyramid of the Bent Pyramid is a model of the Red Pyramid (Petrie's North Stone Pyramid).
The slope of the Satellite Pyramid is the cotangent of 100/99 in my model with the base side length as 100 cubits from Petrie. Its distance from the centre of the south side of the Bent Pyramid is 99 cubits based on Petrie.
Division of the base of the Satellite Pyramid into quarter s
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Thanks for that. It had crossed my mind.
In addition I had thought it should be easy to assess the distance from the middle of the north side of the Bent Pyramid to the middle of the east side of the Red Pyramid which is 25,920 palms in my model within a few palms
I have a model which gives the azimuth of the Red Pyramid from the Bent Pyramid based on the number 25,920 from which I can then
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Thanks for the further education.
So refraction is a constant at a particular altitude.
Therefore altitude doesn't affect observations on maximum elongation east and west with respect to the pole because all three 'points' are at the same altitude.
As such this is not another source of error.
Actual azimuth is no different from observed azimuth so your theory is not co
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Thanks for that. I think you are right.
Dorner's slope corresponds to cotan = 100/99
This is the slope of the Satellite Pyramid of the Bent Pyramid (in my model) as debated on this forum about 10 years ago having published a website.
Mark
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Keith,
Thanks for the link to your guide of Red Pyramid. Very good indeed.
The picture of the casing at the bottom of the Red Pyramid means the angle of the slope of the pyramid can be determined very precisely.
My model requires an angle of 45 degrees or more precisely the cotangent of 100/99 if the designer was able to calculate very precisely.
The cotangent of 100/99 is 44 degre
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Thanks for that.
Its a pity that Waggy doesn't publish on Google Books which can be accessed without releasing personal profile and email as required by the academia site.
Mark
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Good question, which Petrie attempted to answer rather badly.
Petrie suggested a run of 5 for a slope length of 7 as the only likely slope.
Petrie determined the mean slope as 44 degrees 36 seconds.with all sides within 6 arc minutes, as judged from the core masonry, so claimed must be within 3 arc minutes, but I think Petrie's calculation of the theoretical angle from cosine = 5/7 is
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
The King's Chamber of the Great Pyramid is a 1/28 scale model of the size and Pi shape of the Great Pyramid.
I think the chamber(s) of the Red Pyramid may be regarded as a model of the size and shape of the Red Pyramid.
The Red Pyramid was the pyramid built before the Great Pyramid, so not surprising if this is the case.
Last week I reviewed the drawing by Robin Cook as posted on t
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
As you may know Sir Norman Lockyer founded the journal 'Nature' and was its first editor. He was an amateur Egyptologist and amateur astronomer, but with a professional outlook. Lockyer discovered helium in the sun from spectra and published a book entitled 'the dawn of astronomy' in 1894 about ancient Egyptian temples etc.
I have read that Lockyer thought AE would have bee
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Thanks for your patient explanations.
Mark
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Hermione,
Thanks for the link to the article.
The geometry of the Bent Pyramid seems to be based on the number 25,920.
I was just attempting to calculate the volume of the Bent Pyramid when this became apparent.
That's the reason I joined this forum 10 years ago at the suggestion of Dave Lightbody.
If I can find a link between the Red Pyramid and the digit model of 25,920
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
There are at least three sources or error which might explain the differences.
Firstly modern survey error. Smyth, Petrie and Cole were little different from each, but there are so few pyramids where we can rely on the data as qualified by other surveyors. So much effort was put into surveys of the Great Pyramid.
(Its not easy to survey ruins. Petrie thought it would be very difficult to
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt
Well done on finding British Museum reference.
I was hoping that the raw data would allow you to plug in the figures to latest calibration curve with the current estimate of half life.
A very monor point:
Isn't the reference date before present 'BP' taken as 1950, so minus 3990 years would be 2041 BC as there is no year 0 with one year from AD 1 to 1 BC?
Isn't the da
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Mark Heaton
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Ancient Egypt