May 15, 2024, 1:34 am UTC |
In: The Hall of Maat > Ancient Egypt - Ancient Egyptian Discussions > Search - Ancient Egyptian Discussions |
Goto:  Forum List • Create A New Profile • Log In |
Hi Alex Petrie expressed no reservation about the data that he collected. A third survey is required. Meanwhile the evidence does not yet have two surveys that agree. The distance I quoted was a model distance derived from the peak to peak distance, seemingly accurate to within a couple of metres from memory. If you can't estimate then I will get a third estimation (to add to mine aby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
I just read the following: An absolute chronology for early Egypt using radiocarbon dating and Bayesian statistical modelling. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013 469, 20130395, published 4 September 2013 Have you read it? What papers do you know of since 2013. Have you checked the literature? Markby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
If you had drawn the Bent Pyramid determinations as a vertical line then it wouldn't change the sense of the graph which might then be of interest to radiocarbon dating as the model from which to work from in their statistical analysis, that's why I thought Oxford might be interested in your work, not that I expected you would have a higher degree in radiocarbon dating. The 1970 deteby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Dr Spence may not have been aware of Petrie's survey of the Bent Pyramid, but if you were aware of Petrie's survey then it would have been better not to gloss over the matter by omisssion I suppose Petrie would have described his determination as another ugly fact destroying another beautiful theory, but I don't want to give your theory a premature burial. Petrie surveyed theby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
A big problem is that surveys of pyramids may be unreliable. Petrie determined the west side of the Bent Pyramid as at 3 minutes 8 seconds west of due north, and I don't think that fits your graph. (I would be surprised if Petrie was wrong because he expressed no doubt. His work on the Great Pyramid was found to be remarkably good by Cole who had the advantage of surveying after removaby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Hi Alex I don't think that the method I proposed is a bisector method because the whole point of tracing a star just inside the circumference of a tube is because the bisector method is impractical, as we both agree, but I am not sure how precise my method would be in practice. If a star follows round the edge of the circumference of the selected tube for say 6 hours then the tube is poinby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Thanks for your detailed answer. My response is better placed under the sub-thread of 'applying the method' Markby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Hi Alex, Re your last question: I wonder - what you think about the idea of orienting the Old Kingdom pyramids to different circumpolar stars? Whilst we await a response from Chris, I note that you reject the idea of I.E.S. Edwards on bisecting the angle of circumpolar stars with respect to an artificial horizon, so it is appropriate to propose some other method. (I never liked the ideby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Hi Alex, You have presented your case with good reasons as far as I can understand the matter. I think I can answer the question at the end of your post. If a modern square or rectangular building was supposed to be aligned to north, south, east and west, then an error of half a degree would be regarded as trivial. Khufu's successor, Djedfre, may have been quite happy for the ceby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Hi Brendan, Thanks for that, although my 2005 computer doesn't have much capacity left and I am frequently warned of its impending doom. No, I can't date the pyramid from my model. It may be that the Egyptian calendar had a confused history before becoming firmly established (ie it isn't certain that the integrity of the Egyptian calendar was preserved as far back as 2780by Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Put rather more simply, the inference is that east side of the Base Square was made parallel to the line of polar pointing of the foundation Corner Sockets. It is proposed that the north side of the Base Square was a solar orientation looking west, then the west side of the Base Square was simply at a right angle to the north side, and finally the south side of the Base Square was another preciseby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Thank you for responding to my post. In Appendix A of my 2006 monograph on the Grand Gallery of the Great Pyramid (published in 2006 and in the collection of the Sackler Library, Oxford) I noted that: On the east side, the line of the Corner Sockets is parallel to the Base Square. For the north side, there is a slight deviation between the line of the Base Square and the line of the Cornerby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Thanks for that Chris. I wasn't aware of the number 309 other than in the papyrus in the Manchester Library. The ratio model of the QC is related to KC because the KC Circle with a radius of 10 cubits has an equal area square with sides of 365 x 34/25 digits as calculated for the pi approximation 22/7 so the perimeter of the square may be regarded as a cycle of 4 years of 365 days.by Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
''The Egyptians were notoriously bad astronomers compared to the Babylonians'' -- Byrd The ancient Egyptian lunar cycle of 309 lunar months in 25 calendar years of 365 days is several times more precise than the Julian calendar introduced in (46 BC?) in which an extra day was added to the calendar year of 365 days every 4 years. What was the most precise Babylonian cycle?by Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
It has longed seemed likely to me that the Egyptian calendar date of 2782 BC (back calculated from AD 139) and the position of Alpha Draconis (extremely close to the pole of the sky) at that date meant that the inception of the Egyptian calendar was on the day that Sirius rose heliacally, and that this event coincided with the construction of Khufu's Horizon because the Egyptian cycle of 309by Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
A difference of 0.1 inches is the difference between a good surveyor and an excellent surveyor. Measurements in inches below. Ratios are multiplied by 1000 to aid comparison: Model: area equal to a circle with a diameter of 2.5 cubits as calculated from 22/7 D1/D2 = Internal length / Internal width (irregular dimensions governed by the diagonal D9 of 4 cubits) D1/D2 = (105 + 15/16by Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Thanks for that If my model is correct, of which I am convinced, but probably not yet sufficiently well developed to convince those with entrenched views, then I think your summary is likely to be the starting point for a correct interpretation if not also the finishing point. There is a possibility of a more fanciful interpretation because latent in Khufu's sarcophagus are at least twby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
The Great Pyramid was called Khufu’s Horizon as the tomb of the king. Its square base had sides of 440 cubits and the design height was 280 cubits, as determined by W.M.F. Petrie in 1881-82. The triangular cross-sections dividing the sides are equal to the area of virtual circles with a diameter of 280 cubits by taking Pi as 22/7. These circles may be regarded as outlining a huge virtualby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
The images you chose to show are of chambers, not passages, but the satellite pyramid of the Bent Pyramid does have a little gallery similar to the Grand Gallery. We may have to wait a long time for the little gallery to be surveyed properly, although I expect the architectural survey of Maragioglio and Rinaldi included interesting observations which I haven't read. 'Beyond questiby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
I found the design of Khafra's sacophagus interesting, but didn't come to a conclusion, as not much interest on this forum to argue the points made. The internal architecture of G2 is not a patch on G1. There doesn't seem much point in looking at what little there is inside G2 as even a hidden chamber wouldn't attract much interest, if empty, but even the possibility ofby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
I think I read that G2 was called the Great Pyramid in antiquity, and even today it is mistaken as 'G1,The Great Pyramid' because it appears to be the masterpiece of the three pyramids of Giza as it is at the centre of the three huge pyramids. Quite simply, Khufu's father, Sneferu, pioneered huge true pyramids, and the first was the northern shining pyramid at Dahshur discountinby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
It appears that the architect's brief was to design a structure which the gods, including Khufu, would look down on in wonder. The pyramid was designed to be sealed at the bottom of the ascending passage with only a perilous access shaft up the so-called well which was an escape route for the builders who arranged for the granite plug blocks to slide into position. Therefore the priests leftby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Hans (and Warwick), its just a simple way of explaining the geometry to you. Nobody was supposed to measure it because the vertical rise can't be measured as its in solid stone. The geometric architecture is quite sophisticated, and not easy to appreciate without a simple explanation. As far as I know I'm the the first to explain the vertical and perpendicular height of the Grby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
The design of the Grand Gallery provides an explanation of how to square the circle for the pi approximation 22/7. Marking off twice the diameter of a circle on the floor of the Grand Gallery of the Great Pyramid would result in a vertical rise corresponding to the precise side length of the circle’s equal area square. It is, of course, impossible to square the circle exactly, but this proposiby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Sometime ago I started a topic on the dimensions of the sarcophagus in G2 as the dimensions were recovered with more certainty than the sarcophagus in G1 and it is complete with lid, but not much interest from memory. I am aware of a connection to an astronomical cycle for the sarcophagus in G1, but it appears to be a coincidence unless there were many competing designs and the chief architectby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
I agree that I could have taken 20.62 inches. I actually took 20.61 inches in my 2006 analysis of Smyth's measurements, and the proposed model was in very close agreement with the measurements. The length of the cubit make very little difference to my analysis for the range 20.61 to 20.63 inches. In Petrie's second edition he repeated his view, stated in the first edition as read todby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Interestingly, Petrie mentioned a pebble found under the G1 sarcophagus from outside the pyramid which he took as indicating there was no damage to the sarcophagus or other fragments to hand from within the chamber which might indicate there was another passage, as he said, in antiquity, perhaps sealed or filled some years later, so potentially the sarcophagus could have been moved into G1 even iby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Hi Pistol, The proposed model of the internal area equal to the area of a circle with a diameter of 2.5 cubits can be tested by ratios which yield the same answer irrespective of the conversion factor to inches or metres because the model requires an internal depth of 1.66 cubits so the internal volume corresponds to its sphere, and the proposed internal diagonal is 4 cubits. Ratios are mulby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
Petrie, Smyth et al have overlooked what would be perhaps the most logical way to encode a sphere. I checked and found the missing sphere which proves that the designer knew how to calculate the volume of a sphere based on the volume of a pyramid because the designer converts one into the other. Doesn't Mark Lehner remark on the Coptic legend of diverse spheres in the design of the Greby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt
I see that at this moment in time you have posted 365 times and that there are 365 days in a solar year to the nearest whole number. There is a coincidence between the metre and the Egyptian cubit, as apparent from the King's Chamber of the Great Pyramid. It is a spectacular coincidence because the King's Chamber then appears to be a model of the Earth. A coincidence is a coincideby Mark Heaton - Ancient Egypt