Hi Graham,

I agree that a 3.5 cubit discrepancy is not the norm we expect at Giza. However, given the azimuths of the casing, cores and passages of the first two pyramids, all in the range of minus 4 to minus 5 minutes west of due north, the azimuth of plus 13 to plus 15 minutes east of due north for G3 is also not the norm we would like to expect. This is an error of almost 20 minutes of arc for G3 in relation to G1 and G2, while the error between G1 and G2 is only one to two minutes of arc. While it is by no means certain, it is also not unreasonable to extrapolate the error in the azimuth of G3 to the location of G3 in relation to G1 and G2. Correcting for this error results in an intended sq rt 3 x sq rt 2 rectangle as I suggested and diagramed above.