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Thai alphabet (ตัวอักษรไท&#3618
Origin
King Ramkhamhaeng (1275-1317) claims to have created an alphabet for Siamese language in 1292, which later developed into the Thai alphabet. The alphabet was probably derived from, or at least influenced by, the Khmer alphabet.

Notable features
This is a syllabic alphabet consisting of 44 basic consonants, each with an inherent vowel: [o] in medial position and [a] in final position. The [a] is usually found in words of Sanskrit, Pali or Khmer origin while the [o] is found native Thai words. The 18 other vowels and 6 diphthongs are indicated using diacritics which appear in front of, above, below of after the consonants they modify.
8 of the letters are used only for writing words of Pali and Sanskrit origin.
For some consonants there are multiple letters. Originally they represented separate sounds, but over the years the distinction between those sounds was lost and the letters were used instead to indicate tones.
Thai is a tonal language with 5 tones. The tone of a syllable is determined by a combination of the class of consonant, the type of syllable (open or closed), the tone marker and the length of the vowel.
There are no spaces between words, instead spaces in a Thai text indicate the end of a clause or sentence.
Used to write
Thai (ภาษาไท&#3618, a Tai-Kadai language spoken by about 25 million people in Thailand (ประเทศไท&#3618, the Midway Islands, Singapore, the UAE and the USA

Thai alphabet (ตัวอักษรไท&#3618
Consonants (พยัญชน&#3632
Consonants are divided into three classes: 1 (green), 2 (red) and 3 (blue), which help to determine the tone of a syllable. The sounds represented by some consonants change when they are used at the end of a syllable (indicated by the letters on the right of the slash below). Some consonants can only be used at the beginning of a syllable.



Numerals (ตัวเลขไท&#3618


Tone indication
Open syllables Closed syllables *
unmarked short vowel long vowel
Class 1 mid low falling low low
Class 2 rising low falling low low
Class 3 mid falling high high falling

* Closed syllables are those ending with p, t or k

Sample text in Thai


Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)