Over the last number of decades there has been a debate over the cause of the Extinction event 66 Million years ago (the so called Cretaceous Tertiary (K-T) extinction event as it was known, or the Cretaceous Palaeogene (K-P) extinction event as it is now being referred to due .). The two main arguments was whether it was caused by a large 10km asteroid/comet impact, or whether it was caused by massive volcanism of the Deccan Traps.

Some research suggests that the dinosaurs were in already in decline leading, but surviving right up to the K-P event. Conclusively it was the K-P event that was the critical horizon. Recent research demonstrates that the Deccan traps began erupting around 67.4 Million years ago, and again around 66.1 million years ago , lasting into the Palaeogene (which on geological scales means it was practically a continuous event across the K-P boundary). The asteroid impact has been dated to around 66.04 million years ago.

Some research published in 2020 now suggests that in actual fact, the Deccan traps may have reduced the climatic effects of the asteroid impact (see [www.pnas.org]). The impact would have caused abrupt, prolonged severe climate cooling (an impact winter) lasting many years (estimates vary from a few years to a decade), but that carbon dioxide released by the Deccan Traps volcanism caused a global warming effect, which helped reduce the effect of the impact. The point made was that the extinction event could have been a lot worse if not for the concurrent volcanism at the time.

The debate as to the cause of the extinction event has swung back and forth, and will probably still continue to do so, but the general consensus is that it was the Asteroid impact that ultimately caused the relatively sudden extinction event.

I am not entirely sure what you mean by "explosion of gravitational spheres". I presume this is due to translation, and you are perhaps referring to supernova, i.e. exploding stars that sometimes leave behind compact gravitational objects like Neutron stars or black holes (or another type of supernova which is an exploding compact white dwarf star). IN either case, a close enough supernova could cause an increase in cosmic radiation and cause an extinction event. This was once considered as a mechanism for the K-P extinction, but given the extent of evidence of a large asteroid impact, the supernova hypothesis is no longer considered to be the cause.

So long story short. current thinking is Asteroid impact most likely caused the K-P extinction event, Volcanoes did not, but they may or may not have contributed.

Jonny

The path to good scholarship is paved with imagined patterns. - David M Raup