The Sesostris Herodotus talks about seems to be Sesostris III:

"...he took a great army and marched over the continent, subduing every nation which stood in his way. Those of them whom he found valiant and fighting desperately for their freedom, in their lands he set up pillars which told by inscriptions his own name and the name of his country, and how he had subdued them by his power; but as to those of whose cities he obtained possession without fighting or with ease, on their pillars he inscribed words after the same tenor as he did for the nations which had shown themselves courageous, and in addition he drew upon them the hidden parts of a woman, desiring to signify by this that the people were cowards and effeminate."

Facts:
Sesostris III was the first king of Egypt to place victory stelae (the "pillars") at the borders of the kingdom. On stelae from Nubia a hieroglyph representing the female sex is used.

Appart from the details sited above, most seem to be invented:
"Thus doing he traversed the continent, until at last he passed over to Europe from Asia and subdued the Scythians and also the Thracians. These, I am of opinion, were the furthest people to which the Egyptian army came, for in their country the pillars are found to have been set up, but in the land beyond this they are no longer found."
No Egyptian king went farther in the East with his armies then the Syro-Palestine region. Herodotus tends to exagerate when speaking of the conquests of Sesostris.

The general picture one gets from reading Herodotus is that Sesostris was a great warrior and a reformer. This corresponds with what the sources from the time of Sesostris III tell us.