Vehicles set up for desert travel use 'sand tires' which are large baloon oversized tires with almost no tread. In very soft sand you just reduce the air pressure to increase the footprint.

Actually I doubt that any kind of tire would stop the problem. Wind and the very rare rain causes the desert surface to form a stable surface until an extreme wind starts to move individual particles of dirt and sand around. Just about any type of tire (or a camel's hoof for that matter) will disturb that stable surface and cause dust to be stirred up easier.