I can only comment upon some of these images which are based upon artistic interpreation of celestial and atmospheric phenomena.

Crucifixion of 1350

These are two comets, most likely inspired by a comet that passed within 0.05 AU of earth on 31st July 1345 on its way to perihelion. Alternatively two comets were recorded in the years 1348 and 1349. The 1340's were quite a decade for recorded comets with apparitions in 1340, 1345, 1347, 1348, and 1349.

The Saxon siege image could be a representation of a large bolide/impact, or a supernova, since recent C14 findings indicate a C14 enrichmenta during this approximate period. The images are likely to be more cometary though. According to some "historical" sources their was strange phenomena in the sky at the time, which some interpret to be celestial in origin.

The "rocket and scythe" image is most likely a cometary image. According to the video it appears in a book dated to 1557, supposedly depicting a sighting in 1479. It is worth noting that in March 13th 1556 a comet passed about 0.08 AU from earth two weeks after perihelion. This image is most likely inspired by that passage,

The theatrum orbis terraum image is an interpretation of atmospheric phenomena related to sunlight refraction producing a 22 degree ring, sundogs and circumzenithal arc (see example below for comparison)




Others have argued that some of these images may even represent meteor showers (such as the Nuremberg image of globes etc). It does take a bit of imagination to interpret this, but is plausible, and the images and descriptions are simply peoples' attempt to describe and understand what they were seeing.

I cannot comment on teh humanoid figures, but I would agree that they would be consistent with glories or Heiligenscheins See here for more info on Atmospheric phenomena [www.atoptics.co.uk]

Jonny




The path to good scholarship is paved with imagined patterns. - David M Raup