(D.I. Lightbody)

The subject is encircling symbolism in pharaonic monumental tomb
architecture.
The study focuses on the Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom of
ancient
Egypt; from the first dynasty through the sixth. During that time,
encircling
symbolism was developed most significantly and became most influential.
The cartouche also became the principal symbol of the pharaoh for the first
time. This work demonstrates how the development of the cartouche was
closely related to the monumental encircling symbolism incorporated into
the architectural designs of the Old Kingdom pyramids. By employing a
new architectural style, the pyramid, and a new iconographic symbol, the
cartouche, the pharaoh sought to elevate his status above that of the
members of his powerful court. These iconic new emblems emphasized and
protected the pharaoh in life, and were retained in the afterlife. By
studying
the available evidence, the new and meaningful link between the two artistic
media; iconographic and architectural, is cataloged, understood, and traced
out through time.

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