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Results 1 — 30 of 1967
Hi Graham,
Thanks for sharing your fascinating ideas on the Heb Sed sky connection. I would like to have shared some thoughts on your ideas but I’m down with covid and my brain is just about ticking over making it difficult to concentrate - (covid is spreading like wildfire here in Finland at the moment)
Graham: “Chris Tedder, posting earlier this year, pointed out that the line from Djedef
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Robin,
Congratulations! your website is stylish, easy to navigate and a useful resource for those interested in this subject - many thanks for sharing it.
No time at present to read it all through - its spring, snow has finally melted, and much to do in the garden before the mosquitos arrive.
I’ve cut and pasted from some old notes of mine that I hope will clarify a brief mention in y
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Pistol,
Petrie was a meticulous surveyor but even he apparently made some serious errors as mentioned here:
Chris
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Ahtmose: Khufu ........ 29°58'45"N 31°08'03"E
According to Glen Dash’s 2017 revised survey data of the Giza site layout, the distance between the centres of G2 and G1 is 486.986m (19172.677”) or ~930 cubits
Glen Dash’s 2018 survey coordinates for Khufu’s pyramid:
29° 58’ 45.05570” N (29.97918° N); 31° 08’ 03.11209” (31.1342° E)
Chris
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Ahatmose: “I think, although I am quite often wrong, that The Royal Cubit originated at Sakkara with the building of The Step Pyramid. I do not believe The Royal Cubit is attested in either The First or Second Dynasty. This leads to, as I have stated, that the Royal Cubit originated with the building of the first pyramid.”
A drawing of an arc with measurements, on a flake of limestone from
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
The cubit was based on the forearm plus hand, with subdivisions based on the palm, and finger. This should be obvious from the hieroglyphs used to represent the cubit and its subdivisions.
The determinative and ideogram in mH, 'cubit' is the 'forearm with palm down' sign, D42. The main subdivisions of the cubit were the palm (Szp, 1/7 of a cubit), represented by the '
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Scientists reveal hidden corridor in Great Pyramid of Giza
Precise characterization of a corridor-shaped structure in Khufu’s Pyramid by observation of cosmic-ray muons.
Uncharted corridor discovered inside the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Chris
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hans: “Does anyone have an image of better quality of that particular inscription and its location in the tomb? Tomb G 8090”
A drawing and description of the wall is found in ‘Excavations at Giza’ Vol. IV Selim Hassan, 1943: Fig.122
Chris
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Another example of a sun disk with two uraei either side of the disk, (a late representational form of Horus-Behdety, the winged sun disk), is found on Tentperet’s funerary stele (900 - 800 BC).
The sun disk with a single uraeus (N6) is a determinative and ideogram for ra the sun god.
Chris
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
From a previous post:
“Two of the most common titles require brief explanations: iry pat, also read ra pat, is sometimes translated ‘hereditary noble,’ although this translation does not convey the full meaning. The word pat expressed nobility as a religious or mythological concept rather than indicating any social class within the administration, and its counterpart for the ordinary people wa
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Byrd: “Why wouldn't the masons have finished the chamber while it was still visible and open to the sky? Surely that makes more sense -- the light's better, there's better access to tools, more people can work there. It's not an underground pit.”
Ideally it's easier to work on the chamber in daylight and with plenty of fresh air. However, the chamber was most likely f
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hermione: “But there are some problems here. First, we still don't really know if any of the shafts were intended to point at anything in the sky, and weren't designed and constructed for some other reason altogether.”
After pondering this issue off and on over many years I lean toward the idea that the shafts had a multi-functional purpose - both practical and metaphysical.
We s
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Kanga: “Thanks for the correction. It does appear that you were the first to correlate the KCS shaft to Al Nilam. However, the date appears to be wrong. The date depends on what software you are using. With Stellarium, the date of alignment is -2552, not -2570. Stellarium should be used because it takes into account atmospheric refraction.”
All serious sky simulators factor in atmospheric refr
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Kanga,
You wrote: I still maintain that it was I who first suggested that KCS pointed at Al Nilam”
Over the years, I’ve posted on the HoM that the top opening of the south shaft in the sarcophagus chamber was facing an area of the sky where Alnilam, the centre star in ‘Orion’s belt’ crossed the meridian due south during Khufu’s reign:
From 11 years ago: “The top outlet of south shaft
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
The Pyramid Texts of Unis mention two skies and two banks / shores (PT 273-4 §406c):
jw dbn n.f ptj tm.tj jw pXr n.f jdbwj
J.P. Allen 2017: “both skies now circle for me and the two shores (jdbwj) now serve me.”
C. Eyre 2002: “He has gone round (dbn) the Two Skies complete; he has circumambulated (pXr) the Two Banks” or “The complete Two Skies go round for him; the Two Banks go about
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hans: “Is there any mention in AE sources of how long some of the mortuary temple lasted and their priest practiced - how long the dead pharaoh was defied, etc.?”
Looking through my notes, I found two examples that might shed some light on this:
Netjerikhet’s mortuary complex was apparently named ‘Horus is the star at the head of the sky’ (Hrw-sbA-xnti-pt) (Quirke (after Helck) 2001: 116
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hans: “What effect has the movement of the African tectonic plate to the NE over 4,600 years had on these calculations?”
Interesting question, one that has been asked many times over the years in the context of the orientation of Khufu’s pyramid that is slightly skewed a few arc minutes to the west of north.
As regards possible celestial alignments with the shafts, a movement east or west a
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Alex,
First of all a big thank you for all the work that you, Robin and Kanga have done in an effort to understand the inconsistencies in the various surveys. We are all indebted to Stephen Brabin for correcting mistakes in Petrie’s survey of the Giza site layout, and now, for is work on the shafts that Robin linked to. I hope a consensus is reached as its important to clarify these issues.
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Alex,
from my 2008 web page on the lower shafts:
The lower shafts cannot be accessed from the top ends, and what lies beyond the closure stones is still unknown. Gantenbrink's survey of these shafts is not as comprehensive as the upper shafts, which leaves many unanswered questions.
A 'Rope Climber' that carried a high-resolution, numeric-digital instrument designed to
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Alex to Kanga: “Do you have a logical explanation for why the ancient Egyptians could create shafts in which only the outer parts are directed towards stellar targets (while other parts of the shafts have other angles)? Why exactly the outer parts, and not, for example, the inner parts or the whole shafts?”
Supposing you are watering the garden with a hosepipe. Would you arrange the whole le
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Jon,
Thanks for the photos.
Some years ago I did some research into the idea that one aspect of the original purpose of the upper shafts was ventilation:
Chris
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Robin: “Until this question is solved there seems little point in discussing stars and building dates.”
We more or less have all the info we need to determine celestial alignments without resorting to solving “this question”.
The direction of the top end of a shaft and the mean angle of incline are all that is needed.
The top end of both upper shafts are orientated along a north/south a
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Hi Robin,
I’m in the process of gathering together into one place studies I’ve made on and off over the last 20 years on the layout of the Memphis necropolis. It's still missing much of the explanatory texts that will accompany the diagrams and links to other pages that go into more detail, but it illustrates some of the basic ideas. Scroll down to the bottom for Djedefre / Giza / Iunu.
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
ealdred: “I have seen it suggested that sekhem can also have other meanings like "shrine" etc?”
Depending on the determinative, sxm can mean sceptre; mighty one, power, powerful, founder, forget.
‘Shrine’:
nxn
sSdt (of falcon)
kAr (sign O18)
snwt (often dual)
xm
ealdred: “what is the meaning of the name Pepi/Pepy?”
Birth name of Pepy I: Pepy (pjpj) meaning unknown?
Ho
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Giulio Magli: “…..The Snefru project was planned to dominate the southern horizon of Saqqara as a double mountain sign, while Khufu chose to transform this symbol into the Akhet sign, an even more powerful icon of rebirth, by “adding” the sun in between his own paired mountain. This interpretation has been criticized (Tedder 2009) on the basis that the name of the Khufu complex is, as already men
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Roxana: “One formal inscription giving titles including chancellor, First after the King, administrator of the Great Palace, hereditary lord and Greatest of Seers which is a priestly title. He is also called a builder, a sculptor and a maker of stone vases.”
Nigel Strudwick has this translation:
Horus Netjerykhet.
The twin (?) of the king of Lower Egypt.
The seal-bearer of the king of Low
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Lee: “If you turn to p. 553 in the vocabulary section you will find definitions for the word "im", as spelled with glyphs M17 (flowering reed) and G17 (owl). Here Gardiner also refers to Section 162 in the book (p. 124), and so from all these one finds that depending on the specific context "im" can mean "there, there-in, thence, therewith, being in, consisting of, from&q
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Petrie seems to have made some mistakes and hopefully, Stephen Brabin’s corrections have solved that problem. Dash also found apparent errors and apparently corrected them. But now after your analysis, it seems there is still a problem with Dash. Can you contact the Glen Dash Foundation and see what they have to say about this?
Does your analysis affect these measurements?:
From the centr
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
Alex: “Why is there still no convincing model for the Old Kingdom? For me, the answer is obvious - the OK samples still gravitate to the older radiocarbon age and the issue has not gone since the beginning of the millennium (Haas et al., Bonani et al.)”
Dr Ramsey had this to say about traditional radiocarbon dates:
“Taken in isolation, radiocarbon dates rarely allow for high-resolution
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Chris Tedder
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Ancient Egypt
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Pages: 12345