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Bill: “…The funny thing is that I downloaded Urk. III & IV from the Case Digital Library, but IV starts with p. 937, and the link to III also gives me IV? Am I missing something?” I had the same problem. Try this: Hannig’s ‘Egyptian Dictionary I – OK and FIP’, has an entry for Sat with the meaning ‘bread’ or ‘cake’ - N37 (S) D36 (a) X1 (t) + det. N18 or a conical shaped sign similby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Bill: "I recognize that Egyptologists generally take Budge's translations with a grain of salt. But on page 730 of Vol. II, Budge tranlisterates N38 D36 X1 N33 N33 N33 D53 E1 as "sha-t" and he translates it as bull cakes. The only citation he gives -- "IV 956" -- is for one of its homonyms, but "IV" isn't listed in his references. So, I was wonderingby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
M. Williams: "Can you see the Ahket ?" In Dyn. 4, Akhet (Axt) was written with the ‘strip of sand’ determinative (N18)– a straight horizontal bar with rounded ends. Chrisby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Hi Sam, Horus Medjedju (Hrw mDdw) R.J. Leprohons’ translation and explanation: ‘Who has been adhered to / followed’ Reading as another passive participle, from “to follow, adhere to” (Wb II. 192: 3-5). Garndiner and Peet (1995, 58) and T. Schneider (1996, 149) prefer the meaning “to strike” for the verb mDd (Wb II, 191: 14-17). I have opted for the former rendering because of the king’by Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Graham: “…please would you give me your translation of the caption in panel 4 of the 6 panels which is the last one of the 'running' scenes.” F.D. Friedman's analysis of the inscription: “To analyze the inscription we begin with the problematic ms, which means “to give birth to” or “to be born,” but also “to bring” or “to dedicate.” On analogy with Cairo Fragment year designaby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Graham: “…please would you give me your translation of the caption in panel 4 of the 6 panels which is the last one of the 'running' scenes." North panel, South ‘tomb’: ‘born in the southwest court’ (ms(.t) hr wsht imnt(t) rsj(t)) The ankh (life) is next to the southern sed-markers, and the was-staff (authority) is next to the northern markers. The Horus falcon is now weariby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Graham: “So we have a difference here in that three stones have been depicted in the sky at each end.” IMHO, the ‘stones’ probably represent terrestrial boundary-markers, and the pair of ‘half-sky’ signs with shen rings, perhaps celestial boundary-markers (the shen ring (V9) is the det. in Snw ‘circuit’ (of the sun), and also the ideogram for same). The shape of the terrestrial ‘boundaryby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Cladking: “In the article it says the names of the souls of On are the sun, Shu and Tefnut. CT154. Faulkner translates as Re', Shu, and Tefnut. Is de Buck different or is this your translation?” Faulkner translates ra, ‘Re’. In his translation of the PTs, Allen translates ra, ‘Sun’ (sun with a capitol letter when ra refers to the sun as a deity) For consistency with Allen’s PTs, I chanby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Lee: “Although this passage is consistently translated in this sense, it does not appear to me in this instance to have actually been written so by the scribe. That is, there is no D35 glyph here to indicate negation. it therefore seems to me that it reads "perishable stars" rather than "imperishable stars". I assume that the assumption being made by scholars is that there isby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Hermione, Graham OK, I’ve now found it on my list of web pages I've written – it should have the name ‘Star on the Horizon,’ but for some mysterious reason, it is under the name ‘home,’ so I did not recognize it – after many months of futile searching for it I gave up, wrote it again and updated it under a new name. Still it’s interesting to see the original. Chrisby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
"The three SE corners are not in a straight line . . . a line between the SE corners of G1 and G3 misses the SE corner of G2 by 12m (39ft), and a line between the SE corners of G1 and G2, extended to G3, misses the SE corner of G3 by 23m (76ft) - either G2 is set back from the line about 12m (39ft), or G3 is set back form the line about 12m (39ft), or G3 is offset to the east by 23m (76ft).&by Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Graham: “Congrats on your little section in the book in question!” I don’t have 'Imhotep the African, Architect of the Cosmos', so can you tell me what “little section” you are referring to. Graham: “Horus has many identities as you stated, but the circumpolar stars are one of them: Utt 537 (Faulkner) : "May you go up as Horus of the netherworld who is at the head of theby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Graham: “In this post I only want to consider the meaning of the domain's name "Horus is the Star at the Head of the Sky". The book puts forward Sirius as that star, and a lot of the book is a justification for it.” Sirius was personified by the goddess Sopdet (spdt) (later Isis was associated with Sopdet), so it’s highly unlikely Horus (male) could personify Sirius (female).by Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
CK: “1593a. The doors stand fast upon thee like Inmutef;” Allen’s translation: “ stand as His Mother’s Pillar* (jwn-mjw.f). They will not open to the westerners…” N 404 (PT 587) Sethe Vol. 2: 348; §1593a *Epithet of Horus as the support of his mother the sky; the Egyptian name is also vocalized as Iunmutef.” (J.P. Allen 2005: 433) Chrisby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Hi Greg: Some years ago I began a study on the wAs scepter which I never got round to finishing, but for what its worth, its here: The six panels under Netjerikhet’s mortuary complex show the standard of Wepwawet (wp-wAwt - “a Jackal god associated with Upper Egyptian kingship and Abydos, guide of the deceased) preceding Netjerikhet. Above the king is ‘Horus the Behdetite’ depicted aby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
It certainly looks like it’s the same cartouche as illustrated in Fig 22 – the ‘bread loaf’ sign above the cartouche, and the quail chick and horned viper are similar in both the photo and Fig 22 – if there was a ram and jug, either they have mostly flaked away over the years or it was a reasonable assumption back in 1928. Chrisby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
It could well be Khnum khuf – examples of this name are seen on a papyrus dated to Khufu’s reign that has Xnm xwf (khnum khuf), and on a flint psS kf implement discovered in the Valley Temple of Menkaure. It might also read simply Khufu - it’s missing the second G43 ‘quail chick’ sign (w) normally below the ‘horned viper’ sign I9 (f), but at least one exception to the norm is a MK graffito froby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
From my earlier 2009 post on this question: "The ancient Egyptians specified linear measurements with cubits subdivided into palms and fingers. That the division of the cubit into 7 palms and each palm divided into 4 fingers, was probably derived from the forearm, hand, and the four fingers of the hand, is indicated by the determinative for cubit (mH), D42, 'forearm with palm downby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Iri, 6 / 8th Dynasty - ‘Honored before Osiris’ and ‘Inspector of the pyramid Akhet Khufu’ Chrisby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Cladking: “In Faulkner's Coffin Texts Spell #61 is the line; "You sit on the mat of turquoise at the bow of the bark of Re'." I am assuming this is not "mfkzt" with the mineral determinative. I believe it's a color (probably copper hydroxide) on mehet weret's mat caused by a chemical reaction between sodium bicarbonate (decahydrate) and copper sulfate. Doeby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Sam: “Off topic, but I must ask if some has noticed this similarity. On page 34 it is said that mafkat signifies turquoise. This seems possibly associated to the mysterious "mefat" of Khufus expeditions.” I noticed the similarity too. Turquoise (mfkAt): G17 (m) I9 (f) D28 (kA) X1 (t) N33a det. for ‘mineral’. I’m not sure how mfAt is written in the Dakhla region rock inscriby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Macdonald “settled near the mines at Maghara in 1855, where he remained ten years…” which takes us to 1865 when a French engineer took up the work after he left, and “…destroyed by blasting a large number of rock inscriptions, including those of King Khufu…” However, Petrie was there about 40 years later in 1905 – 6, and states “…when we reached the valley we found that most of the monumentsby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Lee: “How I got into this in the first place was trying to figure out why the bivalve shell (L6) was used (early on) somewhat exclusively for words having to do with offering table and altar. (See Griffith, BH III, pp. 14-15, and also his Collection of Hieroglyphs pp. 25-26). I am still trying to get a handle on this question. Any thoughts?” According to J.P. Allen, the Marsh of Offerings (sby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Chris: "In Hannig's 'Egyptian Dictionary I', it reads xAt rather than nxAt, ..." Greg: “Don't understand your comment. I see in Hannig's dictionary: Mr-nxA. "gewundener Wasserlauf" [46541] page 1556.” Good you brought this up so I can clarify the point I was trying to make. The quote in context: “Apart from the question of the name, iby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Lee: “I suspect that the appearance of K 6 in many of the examples may be the key to the puzzle - although I am not yet quite fully clear about the implied connection(s).” It’s most likely the ‘shell’ sign, L6, phonogram xA (in xAwt ‘offering table) rather than K6, the ‘fish scale’ sign. Why do think the use of the ‘shell’ sign could be the key to understanding the meaning of xA- / nxA-caby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Greg: “I am a little confused as to why then you doubt that the "winding canal" is not the name of the canal? How do you differentiate it from the other "named" canals?....” The name of the canal / waterway is either xA or nxA(j) – the question is how can we know what these mean. I wrote that “I doubt the curvy variation of the N 36 det. has anything to do with the namby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Kk: "'Winding waterway' seems descriptive, like 'rolling hills' or 'perple mountains'. It seems in this context to be an adjective instead of a moniker." Just to complicate matters further, it may have been known by another name. A possible variant of the xA-canal or nxAj-canal is the ‘waterway of the Htm-bird’ (Faulkner) or Canal of the Goose’ (Allby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Lee: "You mentioned 19 canals as having been identified in the PT's. Can you tell me where I could find this list?" Some references from Allen's translation: Apis Canal W165 Winding Canal W173 Nurse Canal P324 the god’s canal (in Iseum) P449 Bathtub Canal P437 Looking Canal P449 Kenzet Canal P449 Guide Canal P458 Zwzw-canal P460 Gorge-canalby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
Hi Lee, I doubt the curvy variation of the N 36 det. has anything to do with the name of the canal / waterway, as its found in other contexts that are not 'winding' - it may simply indicate the sinuous nature of waterways in general. It could read either mr n xA (xA-waterway), or mr nxAj (nxAj-waterway), but neither version implies the name of the waterway is 'Winding'.by Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt
CK: “Indeed, Egyptologists believe it is magic and incantation but even a casual reading will show more evidence that it's actually ritual.” Egyptologists understand the ritual aspect of much of the texts: “The spells of the Pyramid Texts that address the deceased in the second person are ritual in nature. Originally recited by a lector priest in the role of the deceased’s son duringby Chris Tedder - Ancient Egypt