I am investigating another possible reference to Saturn in the position of the Entrance to the Great Pyramid. Legon notes the vertical height of the entrance to be 32.4 Cubits. Leveraging the 14:11 ratio, it is therefore approximately 25.45 Cubits horizontally in from the base. The Synodic Period of Saturn can be expressed as 12 mean lunar months of ~29.53 days plus 24 days per De Jong Table 2. In De Jong, this is called the mean delta t or mean timing of the Synodic phenomena. According to Legon, the vertical height from the entrance to the point in the interior where the ascending and descending passageways intersect is 24 cubits. In Babylonian System B algorithms for the timing of Synodic phenomena, Ossendrijver reports the following Tau zig zag function parameters for the timing of Synodic phenomena:

"For Saturn: the height is 25;24,5, the depth is 22;41,25, the difference is 0;12; thus for the ‘days’."

This varies the timing between a minima and maxima, the maxima being 25 + 24/60 + 5/3600 or ~25.401. At 32.40 cubits in height, the entrance is 25.45 cubits horizontally in from the edge of the pyramid, so we have two possible references here - one to the mean delta t and one to the maximum delta t. There is also a possible reference to the lunar year or 12 months of 29.53 days = ~354.36 days. The slope length of the pyramid is sort (220^2 + 280^2) = ~356.09 Cubits and this is where my question comes in - the pyramid would have been topped by a pyramidion of unknown size. There is a Pyramidion of Khufu's Satellite pyramid, whose sloping edges according to Dorner vary from 1054 to 1063mm or 2.012 Cubits to 2.030 Cubits. A similar sized pyramidion atop Khufu's pyramid would mean the sloping distance from the base to the base of the pyramidion would be close to a lunar year. I am therefore looking for reference material on the size of pyramidions / ben ben stones from the Old Kingdom. Aside from Hawass/Dorner's paper are there others that are a good reference?


De Jong Table 2: [link.springer.com]
Legon, J., The Design of the Great Pyramid, accessed from [www.legon.demon.co.uk]
Mathieu Ossendrijver, Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy: Procedure Texts, pp 309-310
Zahi Hawass and Josef Dorner, The Discovery of the Pyramidion of the Satellite Pyramid of Khufu [G1D]